Christian Diors Influence On Art - 1266 Words

Background: On January 21, 1905, Christian Dior was born to Isabelle and Alexandre Louise Maurice Dior in Granville, France. He live in Granville until the age of 10 years old when his parents moved him and his four siblings to Paris. While living in Paris, Dior had gained a love for art. Though Christian had a strong desire for art, he studied political science in order to please his parents. After college he became a diplomat, but was short lived when Christian opened an art gallery with the financial help of his father. Though Christian Dior had the help his father for his art gallery, the Dior name was to never be used in the gallery name as a deal to his father. Christian’s gallery received much love from great artist such as Max Jacob and Pablo Picasso. The gallery would later be forced to close. Once the gallery was closed he began to sell sketches on the streets of Paris. A man by the name Robert Piguet took interest in his dress sketches and he was hired as a desi gn assistant. Not shortly after, he served in the South of France during World War II. Christian Dior many years later died on October 23, 1957. The cause of death was a heart attack. He was 52 years old. Though he has passed away is work still lives on today. Work/Style: Dior returned to Paris after war in the year of 1941 and began working for Lucien Lelong. This path led him to opening his own design house with a manufacturing company, owned by Marcel Boussac, backing him. Dior had 85 new employeeShow MoreRelatedChristian Diors Influence On Fashion1983 Words   |  8 PagesChristian Dior was a dominating force in the fashion industry starting in 1947, he created the â€Å"new look† which altered the female silhouette and strayed from the wartime fabric restrictions following World War II. Dior was a man at the right place and at the right time, he brought beauty and glamour back into the dull clothing worn during and after the war and re-established Paris as the epicenter of Haute Couture. Dior exploded onto the Paris fashion scene and reintroduced femininity and focusRead MoreChristian Dior: A New Look for Haute Couture553 Words   |  2 PagesSituation Analysis Born in 1905, Christian Dior, a fashion designer, became a fashion icon in the early 1940s. Before becoming a fashion icon, however, he initially was interested in art and architect. In 1928, after graduating college, he opened his own Art Boutique that displayed works from Georges Braque, Pablo Picasso, Jean Cocteau, and Max Jacob. Unfortunately, in 1931, he had to close his boutique after his mom and brother died. Shortly after, he became a design assistant by Paris couturierRead MoreYves Saint Laurents Life Of Becoming A Fashion Designer1392 Words   |  6 Pageswinning that fashion design contest he was given the opportunity to meet Vogue editor Michel da Brunhoff. Vogue was so impress with his designs that they not only took published his them, but Yves and showed the designs to a designer and fashion icon, Christian Dior. Dior loved the designs that were places upon him and hire the young Yves Saint Laurent had his design assistant for House of Dior. In 1960, Yves Saint Laure nt would leave his positon as creative director for House of Dior to fight for the FrenchRead MoreHaute Couture Influences Ready-to-wear1910 Words   |  8 PagesFashion has been around ever since ancient times, since the time of the Romans, it survived the world wars and is yet today a business with rapid changes. Fashion started off as an art form, a way for the riches to show their social status with unique and innovative designs that only they could afford. It was a way to separate the social classes of the society. In this paper I will include the creator of haute couture, and how the following designers developed couture, as well as having leading namesRead MoreA Visual Folio Showing How Dior Changed The World1542 Words   |  7 Pagesinventions on the world. My project relates strongly with this as I am researching how Christian Dior changed the fashion world with his inventions and how the styles he created revolutionised fashion after World War Two. He invented styles tha t are still being worn and loved by women. I was particularly interested in learning what is it about the brand that people love so much and how he was able to influence so many people with his designs. I intended of achieving the goal by reaching, collectingRead MoreEvolution Secret of the Haute Couture World2353 Words   |  10 Pages History and the start of haute couture Charles Frederick Worth (1826-95),the first â€Å"King of Couture†. His styles dominates European aristocratic society in the mid-19th century. Worth was a Paris-based couturier that turned dressmaking into an art form. He designed spectacular gowns famed for their boldly patterned silks, lavish ornament and the innovative use of fabrics. They became status symbols and fashionable clients from across the world flocked to his salon. â€Å"We have Charles Worth to thankRead MoreLouis Vuitton Success Story Essay1767 Words   |  8 PagesBorn: March 5, 1949 Age: 59 Country Of Citizenship: France Residence: Paris , France, Europe Russia Occupation: Chairman, LVMH; Chairman, Christian Dior SA Net worth: $26 billion US dollar Fortune: Inherited and growing Source: LVMH Industry: Diversified Marital Status: Married, 5 children Education: Ecole Polytechnique de Paris, Bachelor of Arts / Science Website: LVMH.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bernard Arnault was bornRead MoreThe Role Of Haute Couture Industry On The Fashion Industry2102 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Haute Couture industry. Secondly, the essay will consider the role of Haute couture in the fashion industry today and in what ways it can be seen as successful, it will also discuss whether there are any defects, thirdly, the example of the Christian Dior fashion house will be used to illustrate the role of Haute Couture Some examples of particular garments will be Analysed to demonstrate this. In 1858 the father of modern Haute Couture, Charles Freclericks Worth was first to put his name onRead MoreCosmetic Industry Analysis28098 Words   |  113 Pagesnecessary to achieve its mission. It also relate to how an organization success in an industry no matter is current or future. 2.6.1 Loyal Customer Base In cosmetic industry, there have many well-known cosmetic companies such as Christian Dior, Lancà ´me, Avon, Estee Lauder and many more. Each company has to build its own loyal customer base so that they can gain a large market share. Loyal customers are more likely to stay with the brand and buy more. This is because the company canRead MoreCristobal Balenciaga, the Spanish Couturier3527 Words   |  15 Pagespopularity during the 1960’s. As the fashions of France moved pushed forward and changed with the introduction of prà ªt-a-porter, Balenciaga became disillusioned and closed his house in 1968. This marked the end of the career of a great artist whose influence is still being felt in the twenty-first century. He is remembered as a true fashion innovator that altered the silhouette of women in the mid twentieth century; as one of his long time clients noted: â€Å"Women did not have to be perfect or even beautiful

College Students Writing for Dummies

College Students Writing for Dummies Most teachers are fantastic readers, Dr. Troia stated. History is frequently the consequence of how we feel at a specific moment. Wow students get in their top-choice colleges year in, year out. Have they pick one piece they want to revise A LOT. You may then browse our service categories until you find what you want to get. The pricing for custom writing services needs to be easy and straightforward, allowing customer to see the estimated cost per a sheet of writing before they submit the purchase request. Finding the ideal service can be tricky especially with several alternatives available. Our site provides multiple services for struggling students that are concerned about their future. When you opt to employ a person to compose a paper for money online, you're giving yourself the opportunity to work on other assignments and tasks that you must finish all on your own. Anyone who wants to get ahead in the world is going to want to be certain they are appropriately ready for the possibilities by taking an English course. If you're talking about your future then you need ton't put money as the top priority to look at when you hire a person to write your papers. Students from all around the world are welcome to place their orders for a wide selection of paper writing needs. Writing is a complicated skill which most students actually need as a way to successfully go through college. A great deal of students want to boost their writing skills and vocabulary to compose excellent papers. Since you may see, students will definitely face a number of challenges should they need to turn into a member of the buy essay club. Though some students purposefully offer inaccur ate citations and bibliographies, most aren't even conscious of their indiscretions. In terms of the before mentioned argument that students who didn't compose the essay themselves will have a vague idea about what's being discussed in class, additionally it is quite far-fetched. When writing a college paper, it is a great idea to acquire feedback from peers. Choose a fascinating topic and develop a significant college paper heading. There is not anything wrong in writing a normal 5-paragraph paper. Students are certainly familiarized with a last essay exam. The college essay doesn't need to be this daunting. It is probably the most common type of paper you'll write in the early part of college. Writing the college application essay can be among the most daunting elements of applying to college. Let's say you must purchase essay for college. Michigan's notable creative writing MFA program remains top-ranking for the last few decades, and that doesn't seem to change anytime soon. Read below for advice on how to compose a strong college resume. College Students Writing Options Wherever you're along the writing spectrum, all writers struggle with a lot of the exact obstacles. The single writing sample has arrived under attack as it captures only the very first draft, the beginning of the writing process. One of the absolute most troublesome things in writing essays is finding a superior title. Furthermore, the students have to continue to keep their focus narrow since the prospective danger of interpreting facts not linked to the topic is big. Writing an entire research paper on something which you don't have any notion is simply upping your burden. By knowing the huge picture of the report, you can keep motivated. There are many things which make students feel uneasy, it would take another article to describe all of them. The good thing is you don't need to pay somebody to compose your essay. Hence, it's very crucial that you focus on the very simple college essay formatting guidelines, which are given below. You should pick your relevant topic and the sort of writing that you should finish. If you aren't content with your content, you have the right to request revisions. You want to make an outstanding college program, which means you will likely read it over and over again in order to be certain there are not any typos and spelling and grammar errors.

Business Research Proposal for Literature Review- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Research Proposal for Literature Review. Answer: Introduction The family is a crucial component hence the stability and effectiveness in the flow of activities within it has a direct influence on the nature of happenings within a society. A family set up characterized by good upbringing, stable relations between the parents and children and among themselves as well as an enhanced observation of moral standards leads to a largely peaceful and united society. On the other hand, the decay in moral standards especially among the youths in most environments in the current world could be traced back to failure by parents to executive their responsibilities in ensuring a holistic upbringing of their children. This research analyzes the work life balance and the dual role of men/women as employees and parents. The study focuses on families in Singapore Research Questions How does employment for both parents in Singapore affect their roles as parents? How are the individual roles affected by giving too much attention to one area at the expense of the other? How can individuals create an effective balance between work and parenting? Significance of the research The declining levels of morality in the society today especially among the teenagers could be attributed to lack of effective parenting. Research studies indicate that most individuals tend to focus more on their jobs and the professional requirements at the expense of their family responsibilities. Such trends become harmful to the children who lack proper guidance and effective upbringing. There is therefore a crucial need for research on this issue in a bid to establish some of the ways in which individuals could achieve and hence establish a good balance between work and parenting. Literature Review As noted by Fostre (2002), achieving successful family management needs the input of both the mother and the father as they both ought to be present to the children as the right figures to emulate. However, the dynamic nature of the corporate society has led to enlightenment and rise of support for equality. Both the men and the women have equal opportunities of accessing education and hence good jobs thereafter. The demands of professional obligations may at times be overwhelming causing the parents to be away from their families for long periods of time. This perhaps is where the problem starts from as the children are left exposed to the otherwise harmful environment fueled by the emergence of technology and hence access to bad contents in the various media. As Cinnamon and Rich (2002) put it, there is therefore an inevitable need for parents to establish a good balance between their professional and parental obligations. This research process shall seek to establish the tag betwe en parenting and work and how individuals can arrive at effective balance. According to Baca and Eitzen (2005) most individuals fail to achieve an appropriate balance between work and parenting due to lack of personal objectives which guide their daily endeavors. When one lacks focus on specific areas in which they intend to excel, there is always a high likelihood of failure in either one or both of the two cases. Both work and parenting may demand a lot from an individual. While there is the need to develop oneself professionally, there is an equal need for effective execution of roles as parent. The author notes that most individuals especially in the corporate world tend to sink deeper in to their jobs at the expense of their families. According to Bobel (2004), statistics indicate that more than 30% of families especially in the developed countries are struggling with effective family relations due to excessive attention directed towards professional development and success at the place of work. The studies also indicate a high rise in family breakdowns and increase in crime rates due to deviant behavior in youths which could be attributed to poor parenting. Buskens (2004) further notes that natural parenting has become a major challenge for the 21st century mother. The word has moved from the traditional trends in which the mother were expected to stay and home and take care of the children. In the current world, the women too have equal opportunities for employment in various lucrative jobs and managerial positions. In cases where the demands of work become overwhelming, the women are rarely able to stay effective in their roles as mothers. This works against the family values and the children become the greates t victims of such an imbalanced set up. England (2005) however notes that all is not lost since there is a possibility for individuals to readjust and hence obtain the right balance. Conclusion The review above reveals that most objective individuals have managed to remain responsible parents while still delivering effectively at their place of work. Those struggling with the issue could well set their priorities and address them in order of importance, that way, it will be impossible to neglect vital responsibilities such as those related to proper parenting. The set objectives would be proper guidelines to help both men and women deliver in each of the areas of their responsibilities not only at work but also at home. References Baca Zinn, M. and Eitzen, S. D. (2005) Diversity in families (8th ed.) Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. Bobel, C. (2004) When good enough isnt: Mother blame in The Continuum ConceptJournal of the Association for Research on Mothering, 6(1), pp. 68-78. Bskens, P. (2004) The impossibility of natural parenting for modern mothers:Mother matters: Motherhood as discourse and practice. Toronto, ON: Association for Research on Mothering. Cinnamon, R. and Rich, Y. (2002) Gender differences in the importance of work and Family roles: Implications for work-family conflict. Sex Roles, 47(1), pp. 531-541. England, P. (2005) Emerging theories of care work. Annual Review of Sociology, 31(14), pp. 381-400. Forste, R. (2002) Where are all the men? A conceptual analysis of the role of men in family formation. Journal of Family Issues, 23, 579-600.

Oil Never Sleeps Essays - Petroleum, Surfboard,

Oil Never Sleeps Recently while reading Surfer Magazine I came across a fascinating article called "Oil Never Sleeps". At first I thought it would ge just another "Environmental Complaint" or whining session. Surfers are always concerned with the ocean and the safety of using it. I was surprised to see a new view or perspective being used. In the past, oil contaminations were always told of from an etic point of view towards the oil industry. In this artilce, the author connects with the surfers and the oil industry as being part of both of them (Emic). His discussion making this inclusion was very clever. The surfboards, wetsuits, wax, and accessories are primarily made from petroleum. The transportation to the beach even uses and supports this beast that's been destroying the ocean and earth. His examination of the data is fairly thorough. It reminded me of class discussions about cultures that exploit nature versus those who live in harmony with it. All of this time I have felt myself to be one of the more environmentally aware people. I ride bicycle and skateboard locally to keep from using a car. Now after reading about "petroleum surfboards", I realize that bicycles have a lot more oil in them than you might think. All of the safety gear is oil, the helmet, pads, shoes, lycra shorts, bottles, even the wristwatch. The same applies to skateboarding. At this point I look up and see thousands of gallons of oil in my house. I'm surrounded by it. My sofas, phones, t.v., vcrs, planters, catbox, computer system, picture frames, all of my product containers, security system, bags, tapes, cameras, even the pen I'm using. I wear it, put it in my mouth twice a day to clean my teeth, massage my head for vanity with it, cover my eyes with it, talk to it, carry it in my pockets, buy groceries with it, get cash with it, and walk with it on my feet. It makes me ill thinking that I pointed the finger outward to lay blame on "them" when Exxon Valdez spilled our lover into the ocean. The culture of the industrial world has revolved around oil. It fights and kills for it. It's worse than any drug addiction and more powerful than money (which was printed on 50% oil based paper). This illness is limited to those of us above the farming level. The mode of subsistence for the whole world is oil, with exception of the rapidly disappearing natural inhabitants (tribes, animals, etc..). The author didn't look this deeply into the subject, but it did probe me to look at the whole picture about oil. Nevertheless, his picture of us and oil is just as terrible. The ending didn't give many reasonable solutions, there can always be safer ships, but until this "culture of oil" develops higher understanding or moves on, we will all have to deal with spills, land contamination, and acid rain. If the earth is our mother, then oil is our lover.

beloved essey Essay

beloved essey Essay beloved essey Essay From the beginning, Beloved focuses on the import of memory and history. Sethe struggles daily with the haunting legacy of slavery, in the form of her threatening memories and also in the form of her daughter’s aggressive ghost. For Sethe, the present is mostly a struggle to beat back the past, because the memories of her daughter’s death and the experiences at Sweet Home are too painful for her to recall consciously. But Sethe’s repression is problematic, because the absence of history and memory inhibits the construction of a stable identity. Even Sethe’s hard-won freedom is threatened by her inability to confront her prior life. Paul D’s arrival gives Sethe the opportunity and the impetus to finally come to terms with her painful life history. Already in the first chapter, the reader begins to gain a sense of the horrors that have taken place. Like the ghost, the address of the house is a stubborn reminder of its history. The characters refer to the house by its number, 124. These digits highlight the absence of Sethe’s murdered third child. As an institution, slavery shattered its victims’ traditional family structures, or else precluded such structures from ever forming. Slaves were thus deprived of the foundations of any identity apart from their role as servants. Baby Suggs is a woman who never had the chance to be a real mother, daughter, or sister. Later, we learn that neither Sethe nor Paul D knew their parents, and the relatively long, six-year marriage of Halle and Sethe is an anomaly in an institution that would regularly redistribute men and women to different farms as their owners deemed necessary. The scars on Sethe’s back serve as another testament to her disfiguring and dehumanizing years as a slave. Like the ghost, the scars also work as a metaphor for the way that past tragedies affect us psychologically, â€Å"haunting† or â€Å"scarring† us for life. More specifically, the tree shape formed by the scars might symbolize Sethe’s incomplete family tree. It could also symbolize the burden of existence itself, through an allusion to the â€Å"tree of knowledge† from which Adam and Eve ate, initiating their mortality and suffering. Sethe’s â€Å"tree† may also offer insight into the empowering abilities of interpretation. In the same way that the white men are able to justify and increase their power over the slaves by â€Å"studying† and interpreting them according to their own whims, Amy’s interpretation of Sethe’s mass of ugly scars as a â€Å"chokecherry tree† transforms a story of pain and oppres sion into one of survival. In the hands of the right storyteller, Sethe’s marks become a poignant and beautiful symbol. When Paul D kisses them, he reinforces this more positive interpretation. The chapter provides other similar examples of the way that Paul D’s presence works to help Sethe reclaim authority over her own past. Sethe has always prioritized others’ needs over her own. For example, although she suggests in her story that schoolteacher’s nephews raped her, Sethe is preoccupied with their theft of her breast milk. She privileges her children’s needs over her own. When Paul D cradles her breasts, Sethe is â€Å"relieved of their weight.† The narrator comments that the â€Å"responsibility for her breasts,† the symbols of her devotion to her children, was Paul’s for a moment. Usually defined by her motherhood, Sethe has a chance to be herself for a moment, whoever that may be. Paul D reacquaints Sethe with her body as a locus of her own desires and not merely a site for the desires of others- whether those of the rapists or those of her babies. Paul D’s arrival is not comforting to Denver because Paul D threatens Denver’s exclusive hold on Sethe’s affections. He also reminds Denver about the existence of a part of Sethe that she has never been able to access. Although she is eighteen years old, Denver’s fragile sense of self cannot bear talk of a world that does not include her. She has lived in relative isolation for her entire life, and she

Most Abundant Element in the Universe, Earth, and Body

Most Abundant Element in the Universe, Earth, and Body The most abundant element in the universe is hydrogen, which makes up about 3/4 of all matter! Helium makes up most of the remaining 25%. Oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe. All of the other elements are relatively rare. The chemical composition of Earth is quite a bit different from that of the universe. The most abundant element in the Earths crust is oxygen, making up 46.6% of Earths mass. Silicon is the second most abundant element (27.7%), followed by aluminum (8.1%), iron (5.0%), calcium (3.6%), sodium (2.8%), potassium (2.6%). and magnesium (2.1%). These eight elements account for approximately 98.5% of the total mass of the Earths crust. Of course, the Earths crust is only the outer portion of the Earth. Future research will tell us about the composition of the mantle and core. The most abundant element in the human body is oxygen, making up about 65% of the weight of each person. Carbon is the second-most abundant element, making up 18% of the body. Although you have more hydrogen atoms than any other type of element, the mass of a hydrogen atom is so much less than that of the other elements that its abundance comes in third at 10% by mass. Source​Element Distribution in the Earths Crust

San Diego International Airport Green Project Research Paper

San Diego International Airport Green Project - Research Paper Example Therefore, airports are important regional, national and international commerce. They create an avenue for the connection of a nation’s aviation system with other modes of transport. There is a need to carry out research to solve operating problems by adopting new technologies, and introduce innovation to the airport industry. When planning to implement a terminal improvement project, the terminal planning process should provide insights on potential issues and future trends that they affect the functionality of that terminal (Ashford, Mumayiz, & Wright, 2011). Significant changes in technology, airline operations and industry structure have occurred, creating the need for a balance of importance of certain planning factors for airport terminal buildings. These changes have occurred in cost effectiveness, passenger and baggage security, gate utilization to ensure low cost, and concessions (Brown, 2010). The airport and aviation industry is ever changing. This has led to the need for today’s airport buildings to be planned and constructed in ways that will safeguard flexibility for future modification at the list expense, while responding to variations in demand, the changing passenger needs, airlines and aircraft. Therefore, there has to be a flexible, balanced and visionary planning for airport terminals to ensure future flexibility (Brown, 2010). It should be noted that the creation of plans and designs of airports that provide superior services to travelers is difficult. Airport operational needs are extremely dynamic, creating more challenges in the planning and designing of sustainable airports (Brown, 2010). Additionally, in most cases, capital investment resources for expansion and construction of modern, efficient airports are limited. Therefore, development of airport facility designs which can provide the

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Psychology - Essay Example According to Sacks, â€Å"Does the mind run the brain or the brain the mind?† This poses an interesting question regarding the development of mental abilities, which runs parallel to that of the nature vs. nurture debate. Are cognitive abilities the result of the neurology and brain development of the person, or does what a person learns influence brain development? The question is similar to that of the chicken and the egg. Thus, the question of whether our abilities are biologically driven or if they are environmentally driven are laid as a foundation to human growth and development. The compendium of human knowledge and consciousness is seated within our skulls as the brain. The brain is the most vital organ in our body in that it controls everything, both voluntary and involuntary. It is a vast collection of neurons, which work together to rely, process, and send out information. It is organized into different lobes that govern different cognitive tasks that develop with a ge. As a person ages, these parts of the brain become more complex and eventually start working together in order to processes and integrate things together. The conscious and the unconscious merge here with the storage of memory and the performance of cognitive tasks. One of the most unique features of the brain is in its adaptability (plasticity). If a part of the brain becomes injured, it will rewire itself by creating new pathways in order to bypass the damaged tissue. As a person learns, the brain rewires itself in order to make new connections to make the pathways of thought more efficient and complex. However, the reason that a person is able to learn is due to the fact that these pathways have already been created. Even as the brain develops, there is a certain threshold that is met in which the neurons will eventually lose productivity and die off. Because of this learning is hindered, however recent studies show that additional cognitive exercises can keep these neurons al ive longer, thus showing how an environmental, or rather external stimulus, can play a part in being able to alter the physiology of a person. The first basis that psychology looks at is from the biological/physiological standpoint. Innately, humans are born with traits, which are derived from a genetic code. These discrete units, called genes, are passed down from generation to generation. The genetic code, DNA, encodes for proteins and other chemical components in the brain. As a result, some behaviors and physiological functions are affected by errors or mutations in the DNA. These mutations can occur as the result of random probability as well as through interaction of environmental effects. Thus, the behavior of an individual can result from these inherent features, which are determined by biology. For example, in cases of aggression, researchers find that amounts of testosterone in an individual can effect how aggressive an individual is. Both male and female individuals have testosterone in their body (except in the case of some genetic disorders). However, there are factors in which the levels of testosterone in the body can either be abnormally high or abnormally low. Thus, we see deviations from the normal patterns of behavior. From this example, it can be shown that biology and genetics does play a role in influencing human behavior. Another important basis in biopsychology is the development of the

Data Preprocessing Essay Example for Free

Data Preprocessing Essay Data Preprocessing 3 Today’s real-world databases are highly susceptible to noisy, missing, and inconsistent data due to their typically huge size (often several gigabytes or more) and their likely origin from multiple, heterogenous sources. Low-quality data will lead to low-quality mining results. â€Å"How can the data be preprocessed in order to help improve the quality of the data and, consequently, of the mining results? How can the data be preprocessed so as to improve the ef? ciency and ease of the mining process? † There are several data preprocessing techniques. Data cleaning can be applied to remove noise and correct inconsistencies in data. Data integration merges data from multiple sources into a coherent data store such as a data warehouse. Data reduction can reduce data size by, for instance, aggregating, eliminating redundant features, or clustering. Data transformations (e. g. , normalization) may be applied, where data are scaled to fall within a smaller range like 0. 0 to 1. 0. This can improve the accuracy and ef? ciency of mining algorithms involving distance measurements. These techniques are not mutually exclusive; they may work together. For example, data cleaning can involve transformations to correct wrong data, such as by transforming all entries for a date ? eld to a common format. In Chapter 2, we learned about the different attribute types and how to use basic statistical descriptions to study data characteristics. These can help identify erroneous values and outliers, which will be useful in the data cleaning and integration steps. Data processing techniques, when applied before mining, can substantially improve the overall quality of the patterns mined and/or the time required for the actual mining.

Computer Creativity in Soccer :: Technology Artificial Intelligence Essays

Computer Creativity in Soccer Studies concerning computer creativity in art and music have been central issues in the field of Artificial Intelligence for over thirty years, and several scholars of computer science are optimistic that computers will eventually be able to create original works (Miranda, 16), but not until recently had any computer programmer pursued Artificial Intelligence in athletics. This is a particularly daunting field because our knowledge of robotics is still very primitive, but this does not merit neglecting further investigation. Robotic soccer has emerged as a new challenge in Artificial Intelligence, but the question remains of whether robots playing sports has anything to do with true â€Å"intelligence,† or the level of creativity that is necessary to produce something artistic. The study of robotic soccer is similar to that of computer-composed art in several ways, the simplest parallel being that the more intelligent a computer is, the more it excels at each of the fields. After a certain point, raw computing power will not help a computer to improve anymore at either soccer or art, but the ability to think originally will be essential in bringing out true talent in a machine. The concept for robotic soccer originated in 1994 at an AI conference when professor of computer science at University of British Columbia, Alan Mackworth, presented a team of motorized miniature Porsches with computer chips that chased a ball around, trying to knock it into a goal. The motorized cars were equipped with only a vision system and some basic programming, but much to the excitement of the crowd of European and Japanese spectators, they were completely independent of any human control. Mackworth had originally come up with the idea only a few years earlier, after learning of MIT and IBM’s joint project to build Deep Blue, the most advanced chess-playing computer program that became better than any human player after beating grandmaster Kasparov in a best out of five game match. Mackworth realized how simple it was to construct a computer that could outwit a human opponent at chess, commenting that, â€Å"chess computers sit in a room and stare at a board. I thought AI should raise the bar.† (Preville, National Post) Chess seemed to be tailored towards computers - it is a single-player, strategical game in which players have no time constraints when thinking through all possible moves, and it does not necessitate mobility.

Pharmacy Leadership

Sculpting the Pharmacy Leaders of Tomorrow Introduction Leadership has so much influence in our lives because so often it determines whether we enjoy a particular activity. Life is short – so why participate in an activity if we don’t enjoy it, and if we do participate, why not do so with all of our energy? Therefore, having an understanding of leadership and acknowledging its significance is vital within our day-to-day lives.Leadership can be described by many, â€Å"as the process by which a leader imaginatively directs, guides and influences the work of others in choosing and attaining specified goals by  mediating between the individuals and the organization in such a manner, that both will obtain maximum satisfaction. †1 Leadership is about building teams and communicating so that everyone works together. The importance of leadership is a key ingredient to all successful businesses and championship teams around the world. Teams that have this synergy tend to thrive and be the ones on top.Thus, leadership is dynamic in all aspects of life. At the forefront of any successful business or team is the leader. A leader is anyone who inspires and influences people to accomplish organizational goals. They motivate others to pursue actions, focus thinking, and shape decisions for the greater good of the organization. A leader is also a knowledgeable and trustworthy individual that communicates effectively and sets an example by living the corporate values everyone is expected to follow. Often times many contemplate whether leaders are born or made.Effective leaders are not simply born or made; yet they are born with some leadership ability and develop it over time. 1 Legendary collegiate football coach Vince Lombardi once said, â€Å"Contrary to the opinion of many people, leaders are not born, leaders are made, and they are made by effort and hard work. †1 Thus, we are all leaders, and all individuals have potential leadership skills, which stresses the importance of leadership development. Anyone can have the fundamental requirements necessary for the leadership role, but it’s how they develop them that matters.Leadership development is defined as an effort to enhance a learner’s ability to lead, an endeavor focused on developing the leadership abilities and attitudes of the individuals sitting at the top of the chain of command. Successful leadership development requires a lot more than the ability to give orders. It also requires diplomacy, top of the line people skills, and a certain level of ruthlessness. Leadership within Pharmacy These leadership attributes and skills pertain to all professions, regardless of the career path chosen for each individual.In the pharmacy profession, transition into a leadership role often happens serendipitously, resulting in what is sometimes referred to as accidental leadership. Today’s pharmacy students receive very little exposure to pharmacy administ rative career options and administrative leaders throughout the curriculum. Thus, they are often unaware of many leadership opportunities available to them upon graduation. Furthermore, those who do develop an interest in advanced administrative training often do so after they have already committed to a post-graduate staff position or a clinical training program without an emphasis on administrative practice.By not exposing students to administratively focused career options during their impressionable clerkship years, we are losing many potential future leaders. 5 We need to spark their interest in administrative practice earlier, while they are still in pharmacy school, and introduce them to a career that focuses on leadership and creating innovative pharmacy services and practice models that improve patient care. 5 Pharmacy school provides future health care professionals with the knowledge and skills of pharmaceutical therapies in order to deliver adequate, high-quality patient care to those with health illnesses or diseases.As society becomes more and more saturated with clinical drug experts, there soon will be a higher demand for some of these individuals to lead and operate pharmacy departments. With many students having very little to no experience in leadership or managerial roles, how will these future health care providers of future generations become equipped with the essential leadership skills and attributes to successfully operate a pharmacy?A high-performance pharmacy department is one that aspires to maximize its contributions to the clinical outcomes of patients and financial position of its health system by functioning at the highest levels of effectiveness and efficiency. Achieving a high-performance pharmacy practice requires leaders committed to a clear vision for excellent practice. These pharmacy leaders must continuously enhance their team’s commitment to that vision, using recognized benchmarks of best practice to extend phar macy’s influence across the continuum of care. Do Residencies Promote Effective Pharmacy Leadership? Within pharmacy curricula, students are required to perform in various academic rotations in order to gain further knowledge of the profession in diverse areas of the field. Upon graduation from a graduate program such as pharmacy school, students also have the option of applying for a residency, or post-graduate training, to enhance their pharmacy learning and provide more experience within the profession. According to many, residencies are categorized as clinical and general.Current American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) accreditation standards state that the purpose of a post-graduate year 1 (PGY1) residency is â€Å"to accelerate growth beyond entry-level professional competence in patient-centered care and in pharmacy operational services, and to further the development of leadership skills. †2 Therefore, the main purpose of a PGY1 residency is to inc rease the competency of pharmacists in the clinical environment and that PGY1 training should focus on effectiveness, efficiency, and competence in the clinical environment reinforced by experience in a strong pharmacy operations environment. In the desire to be recognized as a clinical profession, pharmacy-training programs have devoted the vast majority of resources to patient care and clinical activities. This is done at the expense of training practitioners who are not knowledgeable about the operations of a pharmacy department and have difficulty integrating clinical expertise and patient care with the skills necessary to navigate complex organizations.While operations and management expertise can be obtained through completing a post-graduate year 2 (PGY2) residency in health-system pharmacy administration, many believe the emphasis on the interconnectedness of operational knowledge and clinical practice success should be a solid part of PGY1 residencies. 2 The core experience s required in a PGY1 residency program include acute care, ambulatory care, drug-use policy, and practice management.An evaluation of various training programs revealed that approximately 80% of residency training time is directed toward acute and ambulatory care experiences, with the remaining time divided among orientation, drug-use policy, and administrative experiences. 2 Ironically, in an era of a leadership crisis within the pharmacy profession, the primary individuals responsible for the training and nurturing of young leaders are preceptors with expertise in clinical specialties that do not always have an understanding of the importance of the infrastructure that supports their work.The profession has made significant progress in training highly skilled, knowledgeable patient care specialists, some of whom now direct residency programs and profoundly influence training. While this is exemplary practice, it is also essential that the new generation of drug-specialists be fami liar with the operational aspects of a pharmacy department (e. g. , be able to create a budgetary impact proposal to justify an anticoagulation clinic or defend the purchase of smart pumps for a health system for safer delivery of I. V. medications). While completion of a PGY1 residency by itself cannot create a well-rounded, clinically competent practitioner who is well versed in organizational abilities, it is noted that residency training is the ideal starting point to establish the concept. 2 Residents are the future of the pharmacy profession, and it is imperative that they recognize, have experience in, and respect the critical role and linkages of the clinical pharmacy expert to pharmacy management and to the health system. 2 What Are the Essential Skills of a Pharmacy Leader?In December 2004, an article was published in American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy by five authors who had over 140 combined years of experience in health-system pharmacy leadership positions. 4 Tw o of the five authors were past pharmacy directors at University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics (UWHC), where the combined master of science (M. S. ) in hospital pharmacy and administrative residency program was started. These experienced administrative leaders described the leadership skills they believed were ssential for a high performance pharmacy practice, noting that there was documented synergy between great leadership and high-performance pharmacy practice. The skills described included the following:4 * Creation of a vision that is adopted by all department personnel * Core personal values that extend to an individual’s professional life * Ability to develop relationships across the organization * Lifelong learning * Develop spheres of influence across the organization * Ability to take risks and be an opportunist Transferring knowledge across the department and the hospital * Successful work–life balance * Succession planning Specifically for patients, the y also believed that pharmacy leaders and managers should hire the best pharmacists possible, provide the best tools for pharmacists to do their work (e. g. , automation, information resources), have adequate pharmacy staff, and ensure a culture of medication safety. 4 All of these leadership skills and attributes are thus part of the manager and residency training program at UWHC.I believe that similar skills and goals should also be applied to pharmacy student rotations, and therefore students must be provided options for selecting clerkship rotations specialized in health-system pharmacy administration. Even if those who participate in such clerkship experiences decide to pursue a clinical rather than administrative career path, they will be more effective clinicians as a result of their broadened view of the profession and their understanding of the challenges of pharmacy management. They will no longer be the clinical practitioner telling our future students that administration is unrewarding â€Å"busy work. Practitioners will be more able and willing to articulate the impact pharmacy administrators can have on advancing pharmacist-led patient services and will discuss this career option with students in a more favorable light. Expanding the availability of administrative clerkships is a win–win proposition for students and the profession. 5 Delivering Leadership Skills Via Dual-Degree Programs An additional opportunity for pharmacy students to acquire fundamental leadership skills and attributes is in the pursuit of an advanced degree in business.Many pharmacy schools across the nation, including Sullivan University College of Pharmacy (SUCOP), are implementing dual degrees for those ambitious students that seek these administrative positions within the pharmacy profession. The dual PharmD/MBA degree will provide students with clinical health care expertise along with a business background and skills that are necessary to enter managerial positi ons within pharmacy. University of Arizona College of Pharmacy PharmD/MBA student Elizabeth Munch states â€Å"business pervades every facet of health care, now more than ever.And an understanding of the business aspects of pharmacy is crucial no matter which aspect of pharmacy is considered. Business training will only serve to increase the competence and effectiveness of today’s health care providers. †6 These intensive dual-degree programs provide students a way to hone problem-solving, leadership, and communication skills while engaging with students and mentors in other disciplines. Pharmacy schools that offer these programs do so to â€Å"prepare graduates for alternative non-academic pharmacy careers† as leaders in for-profit, nonprofit, and government health organizations. In particular, a leader within the pharmacy profession needs pharmacy-specific knowledge and skills for ensuring consistency and credibility within and outside the department, recruiti ng and retaining the right team members, establishing the pharmacy team’s value beyond a traditional role, becoming a more influential player within the health system, identifying challenges as opportunities, creating passion for change, and thoughtfully making difficult decisions. Having better pharmacy leaders results in better patient care, improved medication safety, and enhanced pharmacy productivity, all of which usually lead to better medication use within health systems. Conclusion It is critical that today’s leaders take steps to ensure that pharmacy maintains a strong pool of managers to continue the important work of guiding the profession. Starting an administrative clerkship rotation is an easy way to expose students to the rewards of leadership and the satisfaction of teaching and mentoring.Pharmacists are becoming increasingly involved in managing patients with chronic conditions, while also collaborating more with physicians and other health care provid ers in a multidisciplinary team. Therefore, balance and retention of important skills that enable and leverage these new opportunities are what we need. We must also encourage residency program directors and preceptors to convey the importance of and provide excellent training in clinical care and disease management, as well as operations infrastructure, logistics, and leadership.References 1. Lussier, R. N. , & Achua, C. F. (2007). Leadership: theory, application, skill development (3rd ed. ). Mason, Ohio: Thomson/SouthWestern. 2. Ivey, M. , & Farber, M. (2011). Pharmacy residency training and pharmacy leadership: an important relationship. American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy, 68(1), 73-76. doi:10. 2146/ajhp100051 3. Thielke, T. (2010). Synergistic relationship between pharmacy leadership development and pharmacy service innovation.American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy, 67(10), 815-820. doi:10. 2146/ajhp090445 4. Zilz, D. , Woodward, B. , Thielke, T. , Shane, R. , & Sco tt, B. (2004). Leadership skills for a high-performance pharmacy practice. American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy, 61(23), 2562-2574. 5. Knoer, S. , Rough, S. , & Gouveia, W. (2005). Student rotations in health-system pharmacy management and leadership. American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy, 62(23), 2539-2541. oi:10. 2146/ajhp050226 6. Enderle, L. (2011). Dual degrees: full speed ahead. Pharmacy Times. Retrieved from http://www. pharmacytimes. com/publications/career/2011/PharmacyCareers_Fall2011/Dual-Degrees-Full-Speed-Ahead 7. Johnson, T. J. , & Teeters, J. L. (2011). Pharmacy residency and the medical training model: Is pharmacy at a tipping point?. American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy, 68(16), 1542-1549. doi:10. 2146/ajhp100483

On the Want of Money

Robyn Sumibcay April 4, 2013 Period 5 Carvalho On the Want of Money It all dates back to ten thousand years ago when money became one of the world’s greatest obsessions. From bartering to coinage to paper, the want and need for money has never changed. In author William Hazlitt’s essay, On the Want of Money, he clearly describes how money can effectively make or break one’s life. He uses examples, syntax, diction, and tone to show that in a world without money a human being will experience the harshness of life.After stating his position that â€Å"one cannot get on well in the world without money. † author Hazlitt lists a variety of examples to show the outcome of one’s life if they were to live without money. He clearly states that without money your life will basically be miserable, and useless. He not only shares examples of how life would be without money, but also a little bit about how it would be WITH money. His long list of harsh examples a llows the reader to paint a picture of Hazlitt’s position.Considering that the whole essay consists of three sentences, the readers begin to feel overwhelmed. By overwhelming the reader, they’re able to get a sense of the burden they would feel if they were to live without money. The method of listing also makes readers see the endlessness of problems a person may over go. Listing examples of the way life would be without money makes the reader change their perspective of living â€Å"freely†. On the Want of Money is filled with harsh diction which creates a dreary tone for readers.Hazlitt uses a list of negative words such as, â€Å"despised†, â€Å"rejected†, â€Å"carped†, â€Å"disparaged†, â€Å"scrutinized†, â€Å"neglected†, â€Å"thrall†, â€Å"irksome†, â€Å"compelled†, â€Å"deprived†, â€Å"back-biting†, â€Å"disappointment†, and â€Å"burden† to emphasize the severe effects and harshness of being poor. By emphasizing in his essay, readers are able to realize the way their life would change dramatically if money were to be completely abolished from their lives. Harsh diction also helps express the endlessness of negative outcomes. Not only does harsh diction create negativity but also produces a dreary, unemotional-like tone.By creating a solemn tone, readers are then able to realize the appreciation they should have toward money. Diction and tone really has an effect on the readers because it helps them feel what it’s like without money, and creates an experience of being less fortunate. Money plays a major role in a human beings life because although it’s deniable, money can sometimes really be the answer to happiness. Without money, a person may end up living a hard, struggling life. No matter what form that money is in, a person should always carry it around to be able to get through the harshness and reality of life.

Why an existentialist might prefer to speak of finitude rather than death Essays

Why an existentialist might prefer to speak of finitude rather than death Essays Why an existentialist might prefer to speak of finitude rather than death Paper Why an existentialist might prefer to speak of finitude rather than death Paper We often recognise human beings as being distinct from other species for the ability to anticipate death. But death can simply mean ones biological termination and therefore not capture fully the philosophical questions which we associate with human existence. Critically discuss why an existentialist might prefer to speak of finitude rather than death. Mans ability to recognise death is a fundamental part of his existence; it can be said that this is what separates us from animals or mere things. The subject of death can be viewed and understood in different ways. Some may see death as the end of a story, and chose to ignore or fight against it. An Existentialist however, would prefer to incorporate death as part of their whole existence. In this essay I will discuss how an Existentialist would prefer to speak of finitude rather than death. I will look at how his understanding of existence differentiates from that of somebody who thinks of death as something to be shunned. I will attempt to analyse how this Existential outlook on human existence helps them to deal with philosophical questions of morality, guilt, and ultimately authentic existence. I will endeavour to evaluate the problems that may arise from such a view on existence, and ascertain how death factors in to the Existentialist view. Humans are finite beings. Finitude in itself enables us to account for what is creative in the capacities of the finite human creature. Heidegger calls fate the association of the two senses of finitude: as project of being and as dependence upon pregiven being. (Kerszberg 1997, p238) It can be said that there is no absolute freedom for humans, and this encompasses the tragedy of existence. One way of defining this tragedy may be seen as a clash between the aspirations of human freedom and creativity with a cosmic order that is stronger and defeats man (Macquarrie 1972, p189). Its this limitation of man combined with the tragedy that makes us human. When an Existentialist is speaking of finitude, he means that we have simply been thrown into existence and we must accept our inward awareness of our very own being. Each individual persons existence is characterised by facticity in that we have not chosen to be, but rather, we are just here. We are stuck with our particular being; our genetic and hereditary selves, our place and moment in history and society etc. We do have possibilities in life, but they are confined by the external forces acting upon us. In this sense facticity can be seen as an opposite to possibility, or rather Existence never escapes from the tension between possibility and facticity. On the one side man is open and projects his possibilities; on the other side he is closed by the factual situation in which he already finds himself. (Macquarrie 1972, p192). It may be difficult for us to view death as anything other than a simple end to ones life. This biological death may be seen as an interruption of life, but if we accept this we cannot experience existence as a whole. Martin Heidegger believed that one way of overcoming this difficulty was to shift attention from death as the once-for-all observable fact at the end of life to the existents inward awareness that his being is a being-towards-death. (Macquarrie 1973, p195). So death is something that is already possible, in fact, the most possible thing in ones existence. Heidegger relates death to care, and this incorporates the everyday being of the Dasein (my beingness). It arises from the tension between the forward thrust of possibility into the future and the facticity of the situation into which the existent is already thrown, together with falling into the world and the they. (Macquarrie 1972, p196). One aspect of this is that death can be viewed upon as a supreme possibility of human existence. All the possibilities that we see before us are laid out before death one after the other. We can only experience one thing at a time and each of these things comes before the ultimate possibility of death still a possibility even though it can be an end to others. For Heidegger, he asks that we should anticipate death and that it should be an included factor into the way we experience certain events. For this reason the Existentialist will prefer to speak of finitude rather than the basic concept of death as it allows them to become aware that existence has boundaries and thus can contemplate it as a finite whole. There is a great difference in existential attitude between the man who lives in the face of an end and the man who systematically excludes the thought of death, or seeks to do so. Macquarrie 1972, p197). This relation of death to facticity is that the possibility of death is aimed at the future; facticity involves things that have already happened this possibility of death, to the Existentialist, is a current consideration. Nobody believes that death is something that can be stopped or is something that they would want to stop living forever may be a monstrosity. Another aspect of care is the falling. This entails becoming absorb ed into the world and being overwhelmed by external forces, thus becoming a part of the they. The people who are falling have shunned the notion of death and will try to avoid it where possible. People create institutions to deal with the subject of death; funerals are big business and delay the onset of decomposition with methods such as embalming. These people try to ignore and forget about death. Heidegger claims that death, honestly accepted and anticipated, can become an integrating factor in an authentic existence. (Macquarrie 1972, p198). For some Existentialists, death is the final absurdity, just as absurd as life itself. Camus states Human insurrection is a prolonged protest against death (Macquarrie 1972, p198) So death can be viewed as the ultimate symbol of the finitude of mans existence. There are some problems that arise for the Existentialist when an existence has a lack of wholeness. As humans relate differently to time than animals or things, there are a number of tensions that arise and it is almost improbably for there not to be. A human projects himself into the future For the thing or animal, the present only is real; the past is no longer and the future is not yet, and this means in effect that they are unreal. Macquarrie 1972, p200). For humans we should try to gather the past, present and future together in a quest for wholeness. With these Existential ideas in place, we can examine the difficulties involved when discussing finitude. If somebody were to dwell on the future exclusively, then they may be in danger of being overcome by fantasy and have a fear of the past. A preoccupation with the past is just as damaging, as we may paralyse our genuine willingness. We could deny ourselves exposure to new things and changes because of our routines we have adopted. Another common imbalance would be that of the present. In this sense man can become akin to an animal or a thing because of circumstances determined for him possibly institutionalised code for example and have thus, fallen into the they. Its questions and considerations like these, which arise from speaking of finitude rather than death. The problem of guilt arises for the Existentialist where the disorder of human existence is noted. Existing is projecting oneself into the future, but there is a flaw between this and where we currently are in the present. For the Existentialist this may be seen as a flaw that allows for morality. It is similar to the idea of falling set out by Heidegger. Nietzsche described this flaw of man as the thing that makes it possible for one to become super-man, but at the same time the deterioration of man. As humans we must take responsibility for our being; we must attempt to strive for authentic experience and true self-hood. Existentialists will not agree that there is a blueprint for such an ambition. Man must decide who he will be, and more than this, each individual must decide the question for himself. In contrary to this an inauthentic existence would be one where external forces limited your creativity and ability to find ones true self. Sartre said You are free, therefore choose that is to say, invent. No rule of general morality can show you what you ought to do; no signs are vouchsafed in this world (Macquarrie 1972, p207). Some may critique this idea however as surely we would be abandoning true humanity if everybody just did their own thing. It is possible that we may already be comfortable in our current situation but we must not let our existence stagnate because of it. So, an Existentialist would prefer to speak of finitude rather than death, as it focuses on human existence as a whole, and as such, allows them to obtain authentic experience. It allows us to preserve the autonomy of existence. In striving to realise values that are truly our own we can avoid the downfalls of an inauthentic experience such as falling or our lives becoming stagnated. To ignore death or to think of it as a bad thing that should be fought against is detrimental to humanity in the eyes of an existentialist, and destroys our chances at being able to ask some of the most fundamental philosophical questions of our existence.

What Plagiarism Is and Tips on How to Elude It

What Plagiarism Is and Tips on How to Elude It Religiously Adhering To The Guidelines: How To Elude Copying In Essay So lets talk about plagiarism, the ‘killer disease that is ailing the better percentage of students’ population and making things worse, the students are not even aware of it. Universities and other educational institutions abhor plagiarism as it is not only slipping its way into students academic lives, but the students are not mindful of it. Often than not, we have received concerns and queries from people requesting that we clear some issues for them. What is plagiarism? Why is it wrong? How do I know I am copying some elses work? How can I remedy it? Luckily for you, this is our area of specialty, and we hold every answer to any question you might have. We have dissected this jargon ‘plagiarism and explain every aspect relating to it ranging from its definition and characterization to the dos and donts. Lets get dicing! Plagiarism, what does it comprise? To be able to put things into more perspective, let us begin with the definition of plagiarism. According to the Cambridge Dictionary, it defines plagiarism as the act of deliberately presenting someone elses work as your own without giving them credit. Note that the definition strongly inclines towards stating the fact that plagiarism involves ‘cheating. University writing prohibits in any account should you copy an assignment from a friend, from the internet or any other study material. It is wise to first start by reviewing what is acceptable and what is not according to the university writing standards. The first outlawed behavior is copying, buying or having someone do an assignment for you. Without saying, this is wrong and I can bet when you are presenting the task to your instructor, your heart beats faster than usual as the fear of getting caught becomes imminent. This statement is not to say that you should not ask for a friends help and opinions or google some answers on the internet, but that you should write your thoughts and not those you have copied from different sources. Moving on swiftly, a fact that is elusive to many students yet frequently practiced is self-plagiarism. Tendering in an essay, dissertation or any other work you had done and submitted for another subject in another class is an offense that can land you in trouble. The most significant attributes that a university can pride itself in is quality education where students get grades that they deserve. Plagiarism puts this objective into jeopardy as it erodes the uprightness and reliability of the universitys education system. As a student, you should endeavor to avoid plagiarism as it is not only cheating, it gives you this false impression that you are performing well when in reality you might be not. It is imperative to know by heart and follow the laid set of guidelines by the university. You might be wondering why you should heed to this advice? The number of things that can go wrong if your secret gets out in the open is frightening. Let us begin with what could go wrong when you are caught cheating before guiding you on how you can evade this menace. Many universities have a protocol on the steps to follow in disciplining a student caught cheating. At the outset, the instructor checks your work and possibly as many universities now do, the instructor passes your paper through plagiarism checker applications such as Turnitin and so on. On the realization that your article does not comprise of your original work, the instructor calls you into his/her office, interrogates you after which they either award you a zero or pass on your case to the dean of students. If the situation is too complicated for the deans office, you can be called in by the principal and who wants to be called in by the principal for not so good reasons? Ignorance is no defense, always remember this as you do your assignments. The number one excuse that most students give when caught is that they were not aware they were committing a writing offense, a clichà © that needs to stop. You must know and apply the guidelines provided by the university to avoid getting yourself in such situations. Again, get conversant with your schools rules. Do not get me wrong, I am not trying to instill fear in or frighten you but open your eyes to the reality of the matter and exactly the fate you will share like many other unfortunate students have. To help you wrap your head around this issue, below is a selection of the most popular questions we get and our professional responses. Citations Unlike high school writing, university level is more demanding of quality, good writing techniques, and evidence to support your claims. In many instances, your professor or course instructor will instruct you to use peer-reviewed journal articles or research papers. The problem comes in when you use other peoples thoughts, opinions or suggestions without referencing or giving them, credit and it culminates to plagiarism. Therefore, it is important to cite every information you outsource. The essence of citations Citing is important because it indicates that you have conducted vast research on your paper and you took your time in preparing it. Instructors and professors award grades to students according to their judgment of the amount of effort, your knowledge and proficiency in a particular topic. When you reference your work, this demonstrates to the examiner that you did put in work, and therefore, you are deserving of a good grade. When and where to insert citations Ideally, you are expected to cite sources that were useful and helped you put together your paper. However, too much citation becomes plagiarism in itself as throughout the paper you will air and express the opinions and thoughts of other people. Popular phrases and expressions commonly used do not necessitate referencing. A decent paper that meets the standard requirements has minimal citations to maintain originality. How to differentiate between popular knowledge and personal thoughts To differentiate between the two, common knowledge are truths that everybody knows and do not need to refer to countercheck the information. For example, Barack Obama was the 44th president of the United States of America is common knowledge known to everyone and it calls for no referencing. Personal thoughts are opinions specific to an individual which you get either from a book, research paper, bibliographies and so on. How to cite other peoples work There are some citing approaches available to writers, and they include APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language Association) to mention but a few. These styles have unique characteristics features exclusive to each style with some being complex while others simple to understand. Hence, it is mandatory to first acquaint yourself with the style the paper requires. If you are not certain, make a point of seeking clarification from your professor or instructor. Thanks to technology, you can access these referencing styles off of the internet, download and print them for future use. Now you know the different types of citation formats, but how do you insert the sources into your work? There are two main ways to go about this; you can either paraphrase or quote the words, phrases or sentences you have borrowed. Paraphrasing is restructuring the borrowed material and putting it across using your own words. On the other hand, quoting is lifting the material and inserting into your paper precisely the same way without changing anything, use quotation marks. Prudence should be employed when writing short notes with the probable cause of using in future assignments to avoid plagiarizing the words as you cannot find the exact paragraph or page number you derived it from the material you read. As mentioned earlier, different referencing styles demand varied formats for citing sources, especially for lengthy quotes. For example, in APA the following form should be adhered to, indention of  ½ inch from the left margin and end the phrase with a colon. Make sure you read the instructions of the paper before beginning the writing process. Rewording is the process of restating some elses speech without changing or distorting the meaning. Nevertheless, you must cite the sentences you have paraphrased lest it will be ruled out as copying. If you are citing a long phrase, the citation will look something like this; authors last name (Beckham), the year the source was published (2016) or the page you got it from (p.11). The disclaimer here is that, despite the fact you reworded the phrase, a reference is needed to dodge copying accusations. Characteristics of good works cited page or footnotes The golden tenet is all the sources used in the in-text citations should appear in the reference page, works cited, bibliography, etc. depending on the formatting technique of the paper. Sources not used in the paper should never appear on the works cited page. Those sources will be stricken out as irrelevant. Use the proper layout to arrange the sources, i.e., begin with the authors surname, year, the name of the article then the name of the journal. Ask for assistance There is no shame in asking nor receiving help with your assignment. Ensure you do the assignment yourself before seeking help. Some people have raised concerns arguing that taking the paper to editors is also cheating. They insist on the later as the editors in an attempt to perfect your paper, will make changes to it, and in the end, little close none of your initial work will be traceable. Varied institutions have differing reservations. Various universities will allow you to consult a professional and even make changes to your paper as long as you come open about it and indicate on top of the article. Simultaneously, other institutions strongly forbid it as it stating it is foul play. Translation software should be a no-go zone for you as it is plagiarizing your work. The structure, meanings and meaning are altered. Aside from this, there is omission and distortion during the translation process from your mother tongue to English. The effectiveness of such software is still under contention. Is it alright to request assistance when I get stuck in my assignment? Asking for help with your homework is acceptable, and no one can fault for that. However, you would want to be careful with whom you ask for advice. Decease from consulting your friends most especially if they happen to be your classmates. Sharing ideas and possibly writing the papers together culminates into cheating as you will both present a similar flow of thoughts. The best and safe source of help will be your professor or subject instructor. An instructor will offer you shallow insight with reasonable cause. You can seek the help of professional writers who will guide you on basic rules to writing a good paper. Alternatively, you could use a prototype essay to compare and contrast with your paper. The use of a prototype does not imply that you will be plagiarizing but is it like a guiding torch, where you can draw ideas, the dos and donts and so on. Do not fall prey to the unmonitored and non-appraised content that has flooded the internet. Keenly choose reliable and peer-reviewed essays as your source to avoid being misled by low-quality papers. Tutoriage is an ideal site for finding credible standard articles. Customer satisfaction through quality papers is our primary objective, and we pride ourselves in our team of capable professionals and proficient writers. Our team of writers hails from internationally accredited universities, the likes of Oxford and Cambridge. We encourage division and specialization of labor where every writer skillfully writes on the topics he/she is most talented. This move guarantees that eminently quality papers for our clients. Our articles are specifically tailored to suit the needs of our clients with 100% ingenuity. Having a team of qualified writers like us at your corner will make your writing experience at the university not only pleasurable but insightful as well. Students are constantly encouraged to learn to work by themselves when doing their assignments. The reality however is, many students require additional assistance with their assignments and instructors can barely find time due to their busy schedules. An external trainer, like ourselves, might cost you a few more bucks but in the end, it is worth the while. We sharpen your reading and writing skills, an attribute you need to have in the competitive job market. In brief†¦ The university has your best interest at heart, and their insistence that you avoid plagiarism is not meant to make your life miserable. Aside from educating you to become an upright member of society, they are training you to value and appreciate the significance of being truthful and sincere. To learn to acknowledge the effort and input of other people and award them the befitting recognition they so deserve.

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

Ethics - Essay Example That said, the main aim of this paper should be to investigate and discuss the ways that an organization can manage ethical behavior within its structure and pertinent to the larger body of stakeholders. There are types of methods or means of managing ethical behavior within an organization and its stakeholder circles. Categorized as formal and informal means, these form the mainstay of a manager’s, or management teams’ effort at introducing and managing ethical behavior within the organization (Phillips & Margolis 1999). The first or formal means of managing ethical behavior in an organization entails the results of years of research and widespread trials in the industry. These include; the core value statement, the mission statement, the code of ethics, compliance manuals, and ethics standards and indices. The second or informal means of managing ethical behavior in the organization and its wider stakeholders setting are more or less the result of years of experience in the industry and a distillate of the vast pool of experience in optimizing organizational performance through ethics. These means are; manager concern/role-modeling, candid ethical communication, et hics as a topic of employee conversation, reward and penalty systems, and communication of stories (Schnebel & Bienert 2004). In addition to the means of managing ethical behavior, the paper shall venture into other issues that are relevant to this topic. Since management ethics is a wide topic, the process might venture into issues such as codes of conduct and codes of ethics, workplace ethics theories, training and its role in the management of workplace ethics, the impact of new technology on ethical behavior, and corporate social responsibility (Solomon 2004). Formal methods of managing ethical behavior pertain to the methods individuals or organizational teams strive to improve their employees’

Micro economic assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Micro economic - Assignment Example From the Isocost Isoquant analysis graph above, we assume that corn (C) and Oil (O) are utilized in the production of biofuels (B). Therefore, the production function for biofuels will be represented by B= f(C, O). In the graph, the prices of oil and corn have been represented by PO and PC respectively. Figure 2: Equilibrium Price and Quantity in the Market for Corn .High Isocost and Isoquant curves results when the demand of biofuels increases which results in an increase in production levels of biofuels. For the production of biofuels to be effected, corn has to be used. Since, increased biofuels demands imply increased production of biofuels, it is right to say that the demand for corn will also increase significantly. Consequently, the demand that arises from the production of biofuels and that of food consumption would be compromised as depicted in figure 2 with D2 and D1 respectively. The result ripple effect will, therefore, mean that the price of corn will increase thereby le ading to a reduction in the consumption of corn as food. Many people will, therefore, opt for alternatives or substitutes since there will be reduced food availability. An isoquant is a curve that combines factors that are employed in production to arrive at the same output level. The isoquant has no effects in the changes of input prices. Every isoquant shows an output level. Isoquants of Higher levels show high output level (Baumol and Blinder 2011). An isocost line on the other line combines various factors, which are same in cost (Baumol and Blinder 2011). That why it is a straight line. The intercepts represent the amount of units of input which can be employed when it is the only purchased factor in a budget. The slope gives the price. The higher the line means that a higher cost is incurred. Therefore, the increase in prices of corns leads to a movement of the isocost line along the x axis towards the origin. Given a constant budget the quantity of corn can only be reduced. T his will lead to a change in the isocost lines. This will further lead to a rise of isocost line along conventional axis. ii. Analyze how developments in agricultural and conversion technology might influence the impacts identified in Part A (i). To counter the effects caused by increased demand for biofuels, increased conversion technology and agricultural productivity as well as use of Agricultural biotechnology and second generation biofuels would suffice (Zilberman, et al. 2008). Changes in technology are internal or depend on the economic conditions. An economy that opts to move away from inputs that cost much can always adopt technology changes. It is a mechanism that solves the increased cost of input problems. In the situation of increased costs of corn, there can be an adoption of technology to deal with the problem. Changes in technology will lead to reduction of quantity of input that is needed and, therefore, reduce the costs that are involved. The output level will incr ease with the same cost constraint. Therefore, the supply will increase hence the demand will fall (Rubinstein 2006). iii. Analyze the effects of increased competition between participants in the oil market on the impacts identified in Part A (i). In case, there is increased competition in the market of oil ceteris paribus; the prices of oil are bound to fall. If the prices of oil fall, it means that the prices of inputs will drop as oil is the input used in production of biofuels. Therefore, using the same cost allocated for production the

Australian electronic tablet industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Australian electronic tablet industry - Essay Example Apart from assessing the demands and wants of consumer the report will analyze the porter’s five forces with respect to the electronic computer industry within the Australian market. The report will also highlight on the cultural differences between the two countries based on Hofstede’s cultural dimension model. The key finding of the report is the existence of huge demand for tablet pc in Australia and some forecasting agencies have predicted that the sales figure will be skyrocketing in the years to come. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Threat of new Entrants 5 Economies of Scale 5 Brand Loyalty 5 Capital Requirement 6 Analysis 6 Threat of substitutes products 6 Switching Cost 6 Buyer Loyalty 7 Analysis 7 Bargaining power of buyers 7 Number of customers in the market 8 Availability of Substitutes 8 Analysis 9 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 9 Degree of supplier concentration 9 Availability of substitute inputs 9 Analysis 10 Existing Rivalry 10 Industry growth rate 10 Demand for product 10 Analysis 11 Recommendations 11 Hofstede’s cultural dimension 13 Cultural dimensions of Australia and Germany 13 Difference between two cultures 14 Recommendation 14 Conclusion 14 Reference 16 Threat of new Entrants New entrants are described as the companies that are presently not competing within the given industry but has the potential to compete in the industry if chooses to do so. Economies of Scale Economies of scale are about the decrease of unit cost of production when the company starts to manufacture more. Some of the sources include a) cost reduction through mass production. b) Discount availed through bulk purchase. c) Spreading fixed cost of production over volume of production. d) Same advertisement cost of large volume of production.1 Therefore Supernova limited can go for large scale production in order to grasp the cost advantage but before taking the decision they can go for a pilot test or test marketing. Brand Loyalty Brand loyalty is exhibited by consumers when they are more inclined towards the products of the established players of the industry.2Companies can create brand loyalty by using strong advertisements, superior product quality and providing after sales service. In a recent study, it has been observed that Australians do not pays extra for the sake of brand names; rather they move towards cheaper brands which offer good value for the products. Therefore, Supernova limited has to retain the loyalty by maintaining a fixed level of price and also satisfying the customer needs. 1. Gareth Jones and Charles Hill, Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach (US: Cengage Learning, 2009), 44. 2. William M. Pride and O.C. Ferrell, Marketing (US: Cengage Learning, 2011), 400. Capital Requirement Capital requirement is the amount needed for the cost of production and considering the fact that the firm is a new entrant in the market, the total cost will also include the whole set up of the company to st art its operation. The entire set up will include manufacturing in the factory, raw materials, labor charges and all other variable cost. Since the company does not have any restrictions in the financial segment they can undertake all the required operations. Analysis Since the company

Biology Essays Factors affecting mammal population in the neotropics

Biology Essays Factors affecting mammal population in the neotropics An essay on the factors affecting mammal population in the neotropics and the challenges managing these populations. Introduction The Neotropics includes Mexico, Central America, South America, the Caribbean and Southern Florida and it also hold the greatest amount of standing forests. These wooded wildlands are mosaic in a variety of green that together add up to some 1.37 million acres. Mammals in these areas are affected by several factors which affect their livelihood and sustenance. As a result, any of these species are either being extinct or reduced. Mammals are described as any of a large group of warm-blooded vertebrate animals characterized by having mammary glands in the female, which is used for suckling the young. Other features includes hairs which are very reduced in some species such as whales, a middle ear formed from three small bones (ossicles), a lower jaw consisting of two bones only, seven vertebrae in the neck and no nucleus in the red blood cells. Mammals belong to the class Mammalia. They are divided into three groups. Eutherians (Placental mammals), this is where the young develop inside the mother’s body in the uterus and receives nourishment from the blood of the mother via the placenta. The Marsupials (Pouched mammlas), where the young’s are born at an early stage of development and develop futher in a pouch on the mother’s body where they are attached to and feed from a nipple and the final group being, Monotremes (Egg- laying mammlas), this is where the young hatch from an egg outside the mother’s body and then nourished with milk. The monotremes are the least evolved and have been largely displaced by more sophisticated marsupials and placentals, so they are only a few types surviving platypus and echidna. Placental mammals have spread to all parts of the globe where they have competed with marsupials; they have in general displaced the marsupial types. However, marsupials occupy many specialized niches in South America and especially Australia. There are over 4000 species of mammals, adapted to almost every way of life, with the smallest shrew weighing 2g/0.07oz and the largest the whale up to 140 tons. According to the Red list of endangered species published by the World Conservation Union for 1996, 25% of mammal species population is threatened with extinction. The Red list of endangered species is a scientific assessment of the status of the world’s animal species. Although it carries no legal force this international compilation is seen by many scientist and conservationist as a warning of global decline in the wildlife biodiversity. The report also sates that 24 of the 26 orders of mammalian species are at the brink of extinction globally with an excess of 50% of the neotropical mammalian species. A leading cause of this decline in population is due to habitat degradation and destruction which is mostly due to human population and economic development, such as, over hunting, pollution and deforestation. There is also the introduction of non native species that plays a significant threat to mammalian species survival along side climatic changes. This assignment will discuss the factors affecting mammal population in the neotropics and also I will seek to list the challenges managing these populations. Factors affecting mammals of the neotropics Humans are the chief cause of neotropical mammalian loss. They destroy the plants which provide food and also shelter for the animals and also hunt for them and utilize their meat as food and their skin for clothing. Plants are generally taxonomically diverse and omnipresent. They function as primary producers hence; they are the most critical components in the maintenance of a vibrant functional mammalian population. It provides food for almost all mammals, coverings for numerous organisms, stabilize water sheds functioning and also provide a variety of other critical ecological functions such as stabilizing the earth’s oxygen content and nitrogen fixation which are vital for the animals’ survival. Most of this destruction by humans (a mammal) occurs to clear land for agriculture and cattle grazing, even though much of the forested land is inappropriate for farming or ranching. Cutting down of the plant removes most of the nutrients from the ecosystem, leaving soil tha t will only be able to support intensive agriculture for a couple of seasons. Over the past decade, Large-scale forest fires, timber extraction by local and foreign companies, mining, the building of dams, and population growth have also made significant contributions to forest loss in the neotropics. Population growth and economic expansion have led to the construction of new roads and buildings that both physically and ecologically fragment the forest, reducing its vitality. The now plantless lands or once forested areas are subsequently being used for the construction of homes, and consequently animals are being forced to migrate form these areas resulting in reduction in the species population. Habitat fragmentation could result in the loss and strain on the mammalian population. Some animals can benefit from the fragments of land while others may not. Depending on the size of the island patches large animals like jaguars can find it very difficult to obtain sufficient food for their survival. Many mammals such as manatees, cows, pigs, and sheep just to name a few are hunted and used by humans for food purposes. In addition to be hunted for food purposes some animals are hunted primarily for clothing and ornamental purposes. Wildlife trade also reduces the population or destroys the habitat of many neotropical mammals. Wild life trade is the third largest illegal trade in the world and it has an estimate of $1 billion on the Brazilian market alone. It affects most of the species that are officially listed as endangered species. As it relates to Brazil wildlife animals are officially being held in captivity including the threatened species such as the golden lion tamarin and the capuchin monkeys. Over the years, penalties have been enforced on poachers and people who obtain the wild animals. Mammals that are being taken out of their natural habitat are being trained and used as game animals for exhibition and economical purposes. Neotropical environments are also threatened by intensifying and poorly planned developments. Such development has resulted in ecosystem devastation. Pollution of rivers, beaches and other water beds by industrial, municipal and human waste has resulted in the loss or illness of many aquatic mammals such as dolphins. In the most industrialized country, Brazil, pollution in the area has often resulted in acid rain over the forest remnants. Fires such as campfires and accidental forest fires play a critical role in the depletion of the species. Noise pollution also plays a part in the disturbance of mammals’ population especially underwater noise pollution which is a disturbing problem that is quickly degrading the ocean life. This type of pollution can be described in many ways, simply because the ocean is filled to the brim with loud noises coming from various sources for example, military sonar, used for defensive and research purposes, fishing boats, merchant ships, research vessels, and oil rigs. Some of these noises are as a result of human activity. The increase of noise in the ocean has adverse effects on marine mammals in almost every aspect of their life, one of which is their behaviour. In order to communicate with each other, many species of whales depend on hearing calls from other whales. These calls can easily be hidden behind acoustic masking from sounds in the same frequency ranges. For example, the calls of baleen whales (humpback, blue, fin, and grey whales) are frequencies that range from 20 to 500 Hz. Sonar and even natural sources frequencies of sounds can mask the calls of whales and other marine mammals and significantly alter their natural behaviors. This noise can also cover other behaviors such as dolphin special echolocation skills used for navigational purposes, foraging for food, and communication within the specific group members. You can get expert help with your essays right now. Find out more The building of roads and other building can divide biomes and isolate many animals in the neotropics through the clearing of trees. Road traffic also causes pollution and also kills many of the animals. Many highways and buildings have been built without necessary environmental impact reports, and many are left unfinished, leaving neighboring areas vulnerable to severe erosion, that can have negative outcome on the animals’ survival. Climatic changes can also have impacts on the species population. High environmental temperatures can lessen male fertility by damaging or killing sperm, While, it can also trigger blood flow changes that reduce the flow of blood to the uterine tract, damaging or killing developing embryos in females thus lowering, their fertility rate. All the above factors can have and is having a great impact on the neotropical mammal population. Challenges managing the factors affecting the neotropic mammal population Although neotropical mammals, are faced with many challenges in dealing with their continuous existence, various managing schemes are being put in place to prevent these hazardous impacts to control their population. Conservation projects have being established in selected areas in an attempt to reverse the trend in declining population sizes. These projects play a vital part in the development of ecotourism in almost all parts of the neotropics and also the protection and conservation of various animal species. In terms of ecotourism development, tourists will have to pay to visit areas with interesting natural and cultural features. Conservationists from the various projects can also work along with local communities to educate people about the value of the wildlife in the area, to eliminate illegal hunting and to assist communities in developing farming and logging methods that are habitat and also animal friendly. The implementation of national parks and other private organizations can also play a part in conservation activities that can help to eradicate and protect the neotropical animals who lives are at stake. In addition to the development in ecotourism, the establishment of protected areas can also play a part in protecting the species diversity. Protected areas establishment will tend to have important economic as well as social function in conserving biodiversity. Captive breeding is another managing scheme which can help with this. It focuses on the reproduction of rare animals in captivity. The legal practice of captive breeding increases the population of many endangered species world wide. Species that are being held captive in this way can serve as a demographic and genetic reservoir for the species. Examples of few neotropical mammals held captive are the golden lion tamarin the capuchin monkeys, seals manatees and wildcats such as jaguar. A penalty of a fixed amount should be enforced to the various people of the different regions who practice the illegal capturing and use of the animals in the wild for their own purposes such as exploitation and over hunting. In 1975, the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) treaty prohibited international trade on most wild cats and was dramatically effective in curtailing trade of jaguar skins. In closing it can be noted that a wise approach towards the neotropical regions can be of great importance in the conservation of the animals species diversity. Although many of these approach are being taken by humans (a mammal), much more measures should be put in place try and curb this situation, because they are some heartless people who are still practicing these unlawful activities and should be punished for their heartless actions. With this in place there will be a rich mammalian population not only in the neotropical regions but also other parts of the world. References Lindley, David (1998) Webster’s New World Dictionary of Science, Helicon Publishing Limited Whitmore, T.C. (1998) An Introduction to Tropical Rain Forests, Second Edition Oxford University Press New York www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/cerrado/biodiversity.xml date accessed 2008-02-26 http://www.rainforest-alliance.org/aar.cfm?id=conservation date accessed 2008-02-26

The Good Earth: Summary Essay -- essays research papers

The Good Earth: Summary Wang Lung was the son of a peasant farmer. When it came for him to marry, his father chose a slave girl from the house of Hwang who was hardworking. O- lan, Wang Lung's wife was a good wife for Wang Lung. She did not waste anything, and made items such as shoes for the family so Wang Lung could save his money for other things.. She worked endlessly for Wang Lung and his father, and even helped Wang Lung plow the field. One day while helping on the field, O-lan went inside and bore their first child. Luckily, it was a boy. Girls at that time were always slaves, or married to other family's sons. They named him Nung Wen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before leaving the house of Hwang earlier, O-lan promised to bring their first child to pay respects to the house. That year, the harvest was good, so Wang Lung bought new clothes for O-lan, the baby, and himself. After paying their respects, Wang Lung made a deal with the house of Hwang and bought a plot of good land just outside the house. One year later, another boy was born and was named Nung En.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wang Lung's third child was a disaster. Not only was it a girl, but she was born retarded. That summer, a drought hit the area where Wang Lung lived, and it did not rain for months. There was little harvest, and soon all of the wheat was gone. Starving, Wang Lung had his ox killed for food, but could not bear to watch because the beast had been so faithful to him. Not having any money, Wang Lung sold the furniture in his house for a few silver pieces. His fourth child was born in the drought, and was born dead. The family was forced to move South to find food, so with the money he made from selling the furniture, Wang Lung paid train fare to go down south.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the train, Wang Lung spent some more money to buy material so they could build a hut when they reached the city. At the city, they built their hut, and discovered a kitchen where for almost no money at all, a person could eat all of the rice they wanted. Wang Lung bought enough rice for his family, and they ate it heartily. Now, Wang Lung needed money again, so the next day he rented a ricksha to transport the rich around the city for money, and O-lan and the children begged for money. After paying the rent for the ricksha, Wang Lung did not make a lot, but it was enough to sup... ...e opium, and began to annoy Wang Lung's older son's wife by talking dirty and walking around with his robe open. Seeing this, Nung Wen became very angry and Wang Lung rented a portion of the house of Hwang. The uncle and his wife were left in the country with their opium, and the uncle's son left to join the army.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Ching died, Wang Lung stopped farming and rented out his land, hoping that his youngest son would tend the land, but when he took a girl that his youngest son liked, his youngest son ran away from home and joined the army.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Wang Lung's death came near, he moved back to the country to be with his land. He brought only his slave Pear Blossom, that his youngest son loved, and his first daughter that was simple. One day as he was looking at the fields with his sons, he heard them talking about how they were going to spend their inheritance and what they would do with the money they would make from selling the land. Wang Lung cried out that they must never sell the land because only with land could they be sure of earning a living. But Wang Lung did not see his sons look at each other over his head and grin.